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About the Vietnamese financial cooperatives

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Développement international Desjardins supports the People’s Credit Funds (PCF) network of cooperative financial institutions in Vietnam, the biggest financial network in the country.

The geographic coverage of the People’s Credit Funds (PCF) is extensive. The network offers financial products (savings, credit, etc.) to 1,455,000 members (individuals and entrepreneurs) through 1,023 financial cooperatives located throughout 55 of the country's 64 provinces, including rural regions where 70% of the 84.1 million people in Vietnam live.

Financial services to support agriculture, the basis of Vietnam’s economy

Access to financial services is essential for Vietnamese living in rural areas where agriculture is the basis for economic activities. Agricultural production represents a large part of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and plays an important role in the economy.

Most of these farmers need savings services in order to set earnings aside and build up assets for the future. They also need capital for commerce, production and other activities likely to generate income.

However, the scarcity of financial services constitutes an obstacle to improving income and living conditions for the rural population in Vietnam. Furthermore, in the absence of organized financial institutions, the practice of usurious loans continues to flourish in rural areas.

The Desjardins financial cooperative model inspired the creation of the People’s Credit Funds in Vietnam

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In Vietnam, the savings and credit cooperatives have been operating and developing for 40 years in the north and 20 years in the south.

In 1993, the Vietnamese government wished to reorganize and fully deploy these cooperatives.

To achieve this, it decided to launch a pilot project to create financial cooperatives that would be called People’s Credit Funds (PCF).

Several models were considered, including the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh and the German People’s Bank in Germany, but finally it was the Desjardins network of savings and credit cooperatives that was chosen for study and testing.

This is how, in 1993, DID began providing support to the microfinance sector in Vietnam.

DID offered the PCF network a vast range of technical support services. This support included consulting services to design an accounting system and method of functioning for the cooperatives, and the introduction of a computerized distance surveillance system. At the same time, the financial cooperatives received financial support enabling them to purchase equipment and provide loans to women members. DID also took part in decisions regarding network orientation and placed great importance on network efficiency and conformity with internationally recognized financial criteria.

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This is how the cooperatives were able to offer credit services to all members of the community, rich or poor, man or woman. They even lend to low-income individuals in difficult situations, individuals who do not have access to the facilities of credit institutions because they cannot provide guarantees. These individuals would previously have had to resort to the services of local lenders charging usurious rates.

Over the years, the network of cooperatives has expanded. Today, there are also cooperatives in urban areas such Hanoi, the capital.

To learn more about the creation of the PCFs and the support provided by DID between 1993 and 1999, visit the Publications page of the website and consult Notebook 14 (French only) in the Study Results section.

New challenges: a federation and the introduction of new technologies

More recently, DID supported the development of the Vietnam Association of People’s Credit Funds (VAPCF) which began activities in 2005. The VAPCF seeks to support all of the PCFs by strengthening surveillance activities and developing new financial products and services, including the deployment of two new services based on new technologies:

  • electronic transfers of funds between the cooperatives and the country's banks, and
  • a transactional system (inter-coop) adapted to the new needs of the cooperatives.
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Deployment of the inter-coop service began in 2008 under a project proposed by DID to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation that targeted improving interconnectivity (inter-coop transactions and fund transfers) among the financial cooperatives in Vietnam. The first phase of the project is currently underway and will last three years. This project is also being carried out in Haiti and in three countries in West Africa.

The VAPCF is a member of Proxfin, a network for study and discussion headed coordinated by DID that brings together 26 microfinance networks from 20 countries on 4 continents.


Vietnam Association of People’s Credit Funds (Vietnam)

• Established May 14, 2005
• Head office in Hanoi
• 987 PCFs
• 1,455,000 members
• Assets worth 20,542 billion dongs (CAN $1,106 million)
• Website : www.vapcf.org.vn

Article “Credit union calls for interest rate subsidy

First-hand accounts from DID experts in Vietnam

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Country and culture

Official language (1) Vietnamese
Population (2) 84.1 millions (2006)
Area (2) 331 212 sq. km
Capital Hanoi
Independence Septembre 1945
Currency Dong
Average income per capita (3) US $790 (2007)
Number of Vietnamese earning less than US $1.25 per day (3) 21,5 % (2006)
Natural resources (1)
  • Rice (world’s 3rd biggest exporter)
  • Oil (20% of foreign trade revenue)
Main economic activities (2)
  • Manufacturing (21.25%)
  • Agriculture (15.36%)
  • Wholesale and retail sales (13.63%)
  • Mining (10.23%)
  • Construction (6.62%)
Main attractions (1)
  • Hanoi, the capital
  • Ho Chi Minh City (previously Saigon), the main city in the south
  • Hue, the imperial city, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
  • The city of Hoi An, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
  • The European atmosphere of Da Lat
  • The Cham Temples, vestige of a vanished civilization in the Da Nang region
  • The coral reefs of Da Nang
  • Nha Trang, famous for its beaches and its bay
  • Ha Long Bay, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
  • Phong Nha-Ke Bang national park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
  • The Mekong delta
To learn more

(1) Source : Wikipedia http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%AAt_Nam
(2) General Statistic Office of Vietnam
(3) Canadian International Development Agency